Pseudoscorpions of the World

Last updated: 19 January 2009

Version 1.2, 2009

Family TRIDENCHTHONIIDAE Balzan

Tridenchthoniidae Balzan, 1892: 505; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 6-15; Hoff, 1949b: 429; Hoff, 1963c: 27; Murthy and Ananthakrishnan, 1977: 9-10; Muchmore, 1982a: 96-97; Harvey, 1985b: 152; Harvey, 1991a: 217; Harvey, 1992c: 1399-1402.

Dithidae Chamberlin: Beier, 1932g: 181; Roewer, 1937: 233; Petrunkevitch, 1955: 81; Morikawa, 1960: 92-93; Dubinin, 1962: 441.

Subfamily TRIDENCHTHONIINAE Balzan

Tridenchthoniinae Balzan: Hansen, 1894: 232; With, 1906: 64; Chamberlin, 1931a: 212; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 17; Hoff, 1963c: 27.

Dithinae Chamberlin, 1929a: 58; Chamberlin, 1931a: 209-210; Beier, 1932a: 24.

Dithini Chamberlin: Chamberlin, 1929a: 60.

Tridenchthoniini Balzan: Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 30; Hoff, 1963c: 27.

† Genus Chelignathus Menge

Chelignathus Menge, in C.L. Koch and Berendt, 1854: 97; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 30-31; Harvey, 1991a: 218.

 

Type species: Chelignathus kochii Menge, in C.L. Koch and Berendt, 1854, by monotypy.

† Chelignathus kochii Menge

Chelignathus kochii Menge, in C.L. Koch and Berendt, 1854: 97; Scudder, 1891: 256; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 32, fig. 7; Beier, 1955g: 48; Schawaller, 1978: 3; Harvey, 1991a: 219.

Chthonius kochii (Menge): Menge, 1855: 25-26, plate 4 fig. 2; Hagen, 1870: 268; Scudder, 1891: 256; Beier, 1932a: 278.

Heterolophus (?) kochii (Menge): Beier, 1937d: 303, fig. 1; Roewer, 1940: 330.

Heterolophus kochii (Menge): Petrunkevitch, 1955: fig. 49(2); Dubinin, 1962: fig. 1277.

 

Type locality: Baltic Amber (Eocene).

Distribution: Baltic Amber (Eocene).

Genus Compsaditha Chamberlin

Compsaditha Chamberlin, 1929a: 62; Beier, 1932a: 29; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 61-63; Murthy and Ananthakrishnan, 1977: 10; Harvey, 1991a: 219.

 

Type species: Compsaditha pygmaea Chamberlin, 1929a, by original designation.

Distribution: AFRICA: widespread.

AMERICAS: South America. ASIA: widespread.

Compsaditha aburi Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin

Chthonius serrulata Silvestri, 1918: 294-296 (as Chtonius [sic] serrulata) (misidentification, in part).

Afroditha serrulata (Silvestri): Beier, 1930i: 48, figs 6a-b (misidentification).

Ditha serrulata (Silvestri): Beier, 1932a: 27 (misidentification).

Compsaditha aburi Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin: 1945: 63-64; Vachon, 1952a: 19-20, figs 1-2; Beier, 1959d: 10; Mahnert, 1978f: 70-72, figs 1-5; Mahnert, 1983a: 148; Mahnert, Adis and Bührnheim, 1987: fig. 4b; Harvey, 1991a: 219; Harvey, 1992c: figs 24-27; Mahnert and Adis, 2002: fig. 4b.

 

Type locality: Aburi, Eastern, Ghana.

Distribution: Congo; Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire); Ghana; Guinea.

Compsaditha angustula Beier

Compsaditha angustula Beier, 1972a: 5-6, fig. 2; Harvey, 1991a: 219.

 

Type locality: Parc National de la Garamba, Haut-Zaire, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Compsaditha basilewskyi Beier

Compsaditha basilewskyi Beier, 1962f: 9-10, fig. 1; Mahnert, 1983a: 148-149, fig. 17; Harvey, 1991a: 219; Beron, 2002: 33.

 

Type locality: Mt Hanang, Arusha, Tanzania.

Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania.

Compsaditha camponota Sivaraman

Compsaditha camponota Sivaraman, 1980d: 237-239, figs 1-2 (as Comsaditha [sic] camponota); Harvey, 1991a: 219.

 

Type locality: Chennai (as Madras), Tamil Nadu, India.

Distribution: India.

Compsaditha congica Beier

Compsaditha congica Beier, 1959d: 10-11, fig. 2; Harvey, 1991a: 219; Beron, 2002: 33.

 

Type locality: Kisanga, Lubumbashi (as Elisabethville), Shaba, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Compsaditha elegantula Beier

Compsaditha elegantula Beier, 1972a: 3-4, fig. 1; Harvey, 1991a: 219.

Compsaditha aff. elegantula Beier: Judson, 1990c: 196, fig. 1.

 

Type locality: Parc National de la Garamba, Haut-Zaire, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Distribution: Cameroon; Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Compsaditha fiebrigi (Beier)

Chthonius parvidentatus Balzan: Ellingsen, 1910a: 401 (misidentification).

Ditha fiebrigi Beier, 1931b: 50-51; Beier, 1932a: 27-28, fig. 33; Roewer, 1937: 234, fig. 204; Feio, 1945: 3.

Compsaditha fiebrigi (Beier): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 63; Harvey, 1991a: 220.

 

Type locality: San Bernardino, Central, Paraguay.

Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay.

Compsaditha gressitti Beier

Compsaditha gressitti Beier, 1957d: 9, fig. 1c; Harvey, 1991a: 220.

 

Type locality: Colonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia.

Distribution: Federated States of Micronesia.

Compsaditha indica Murthy

Compsaditha indica Murthy, 1960: 28-30, figs 1a-b; Murthy and Ananthakrishnan, 1977: 10-11, figs 2a-b; Sivaraman, 1981: 22; Harvey, 1991a: 220.

 

Type locality: Government Museum gardens, Egmore, Chennai (as Madras), Tamil Nadu, India.

Distribution: India.

Compsaditha parva Beier

Compsaditha parva Beier, 1951a: 54-55, fig. 3; Harvey, 1991a: 220; Jędryczkowski, 1998: 184.

 

Type locality: Lo-Ku-Ho, Sa Pá (as Chapa), Tonkin, Lao Chai, Vietnam.

Distribution: Vietnam.

Compsaditha pygmaea Chamberlin

Compsaditha pygmaea Chamberlin, 1929a: 62; Beier, 1932a: 30; Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 19a, 21c, 21g; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 64-65, figs 2a, 2f-g, 16a-c; Vachon, 1949: fig. 199a; Harvey, 1991a: 220.

 

Type locality: Mt Maquiling (as Mt Makiling), Laguna, Luzon Island, Philippines.

Distribution: Philippines.

Compsaditha seychellensis Beier

Compsaditha seychellensis Beier, 1974a: 144-145; Harvey, 1991a: 220; Harvey, 2001b: 691.

 

Type locality: Mahé Island, Seychelles.

Distribution: Seychelles.

Genus Ditha Chamberlin

Ditha Chamberlin, 1929a: 61; Beier, 1932a: 25; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 37-39; Morikawa, 1960: 93; Harvey, 1991a: 220.

 

Type species: Ditha elegans Chamberlin, 1929a, by original designation.

Distribution: AFRICA: widespread.

ASIA: widespread.

Subgenus Ditha (Ditha) Chamberlin

Ditha (Ditha) Chamberlin: Harvey, 1991a: 221.

Ditha (Ditha) elegans Chamberlin

Ditha elegans Chamberlin, 1929a: 61; Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 9a, 11g-h, 34a; Beier, 1932a: 27; Chamberlin, 1934b: 3; Roewer, 1937: 234; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 39-40.

Ditha (Ditha) elegans Chamberlin: Beier, 1955e: 39; Harvey, 1991a: 221.

 

Type locality: Kepulauan Banda (as Banda), Maluku, Indonesia.

Distribution: Indonesia.

Ditha (Ditha) loricata Beier

Ditha loricata Beier, 1965g: 757-758, fig. 2; Beier, 1982: 43; Tenorio and Muchmore, 1982: 383.

Ditha (Ditha) loricata Beier: Harvey, 1991a: 221.

 

Type locality: Oransbari, West Papua, Indonesia.

Distribution: Indonesia (West Papua); Papua New Guinea.

Ditha (Ditha) novaeguineae Beier

Ditha novaeguineae Beier, 1965g: 756-757, fig. 1.

Ditha (Ditha) novaeguineae Beier: Harvey, 1991a: 221.

 

Type locality: Finschhafen, Morobe, Papua New Guinea.

Distribution: Papua New Guinea.

Ditha (Ditha) ogasawarensis Sato

Ditha (Ditha) ogasawarensis Sato, 1981: 11-14, figs 1-14; Harvey, 1991a: 221; Sato, 1991a: 22, fig. 66-1; Sato, 1991b: 216, fig. 1; Sato, 1994b: 79.

 

Type locality: Shindo-iriguchi, Chibusa-yama, Hahajima, Ogasawara-shoto, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan.

Distribution: Japan.

Ditha (Ditha) palauensis Beier

Ditha (Ditha) palauensis Beier, 1957d: 7-8, figs 1a-b; Harvey, 1991a: 221.

 

Type locality: Peleliu, Palau.

Distribution: Palau.

Ditha (Ditha) philippinensis Chamberlin

Ditha philippinensis Chamberlin, 1929a: 61, fig. 1b; Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 15b, 25a, 45g; Beier, 1932a: 27; Beier, 1932g: fig. 222; Roewer, 1937: 234; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 40-41, figs 2e, 10a-b; Beier, 1966b: 340; Beier, 1967c: 317; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086.

Ditha (Ditha) philippinensis Beier: Beier, 1955e: 39; Harvey, 1991a: 221.

 

Type locality: Mt Maquiling (as Mt Makiling), Laguna, Luzon Island, Philippines.

Distribution: Philippines.

Ditha (Ditha) proxima (Beier)

Compsaditha proxima Beier, 1951a: 56, fig. 4.

Ditha proxima (Beier): Beier, 1974b: 261; Beier, 1976e: 95-96; Ćurčić, 1979b: 192-198, figs 7-8; Ćurčić, 1980b: 78; Schawaller, 1983a: 107-108, figs 1-3; Schawaller, 1987c: 202; Schawaller, 1991b: 772, figs 1-6; Schawaller, 1994: 731, fig. 10; Schawaller, 1995b: 1050; Jędryczkowski, 1998: 184-185; Beron, 2002: 33.

Ditha numburensis Morikawa, 1968: 259-262, figs 1a, 2b (synonymised by Schawaller, 1987c: 202).

Ditha (Ditha) proxima (Beier): Harvey, 1991a: 221.

 

Type locality: of Compsaditha proxima: Da Lat (as Dalat), Lâm Dong, Vietnam; and Núi Lang Bian (as Plateau von Langbian), Lâm Dong, Vietnam.

of Ditha numburensis: Maedane Karka, near Mt Numbur, Nepal.

Distribution: Bhutan; China (Yunnan); Nepal; Thailand; Vietnam.

Subgenus Ditha (Paraditha) Beier

Paraditha Beier, 1931b: 51; Beier, 1932a: 30; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 35-36.

Ditha (Paraditha) Beier: Beier, 1955e: 39; Harvey, 1991a: 222.

 

Type species: Chthonius sinuatus Tullgren, 1901, by original designation.

Ditha (Paraditha) laosana Beier

Ditha laosana Beier, 1951a: 53-54, fig. 2; Schawaller, 1994: 733, fig. 11.

Ditha (Paraditha) laosana Beier: Beier, 1955e: 39; Harvey, 1991a: 222.

 

Type locality: Muang Pak Lay (as Paclay), Xiangnabouli, Laos.

Distribution: Laos; Thailand.

Ditha (Paraditha) latimana (Beier)

Paraditha latimana Beier, 1931b: 51; Beier, 1932a: 31, fig. 37; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 37, fig. 9; Helversen, 1966b: fig. 8d.

Ditha (Paraditha) latimana (Beier): Beier, 1955e: 39; Harvey, 1991a: 222.

 

Type locality: Mabira, Kagera, Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania.

Ditha (Paraditha) marcusensis (Morikawa)

Verrucaditha marcusensis Morikawa, 1952a: 243, figs 2, 5a.

Ditha (Paraditha) marcusensis (Morikawa): Beier, 1957d: 8-9; Harvey, 1991a: 222.

Ditha marcusensis (Morikawa): Morikawa, 1960: 93, plate 1 fig. 1, plate 7 fig. 1; Morikawa, 1962: 418; Sato, 1994b: 79.

 

Type locality: Minami-tori-shima (as Marcus Island), Japan.

Distribution: Japan (Marcus Island).

Ditha (Paraditha) pahangica Beier

Ditha (Paraditha) pahangica Beier, 1955e: 38-39, fig. 1; Harvey, 1991a: 222.

 

Type locality: Telom Valley, near Gunong Siku, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia.

Distribution: Malaysia (mainland).

Ditha (Paraditha) sinuata (Tullgren)

Chthonius sinuatus Tullgren, 1901: 100-101; Ellingsen, 1906: 264-265; Ellingsen, 1912b: 89, 124-125.

Paraditha sinuata (Tullgren): Beier, 1931b: 50; Beier, 1932a: 30-31; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 37.

Ditha (Paraditha) sinuata (Tullgren): Beier, 1955e: 39; Beier, 1959d: 9, fig. 1; Mahnert, 1978f: 70; Harvey, 1991a: 222.

 

Type locality: Cameroon.

Distribution: Burundi; Cameroon; Congo; Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire); Guinea-Bissau; São Tomé and Príncipe; South Africa.

Ditha (Paraditha) sumatraensis (Chamberlin)

Chthonius curvidigitatus Simon, 1899a: 122-123; With, 1906: 74; Ellingsen, 1911a: 35-36 (junior primary homonym of Chthonius curvidigitatus Balzan, 1890).

Chthonius sumatraensis Chamberlin, 1923b: 186-187 (replacement name for Chthonius curvidigitatus Simon, 1899a).

Heterolophus sumatraensis (Chamberlin): Beier, 1932a: 29, fig. 35; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 35.

Ditha (Paraditha) sumatraensis (Chamberlin): Beier, 1955e: 39; Harvey, 1991a: 222-223.

 

Type locality: Sumatra, Indonesia.

Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra).

Ditha (Paraditha) tonkinensis Beier

Ditha tonkinensis Beier, 1951a: 52-53, fig. 1; Jędryczkowski, 1998: 185; Beron, 2002: 33.

Ditha (Paraditha) tonkinensis Beier: Beier, 1955e: 39; Harvey, 1991a: 223.

 

Type locality: Sa Pá (as Chapa), Tonkin, Lao Chai, Vietnam.

Distribution: Vietnam.

Genus Dithella Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin

Dithella Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 41-42; Harvey, 1991a: 223.

 

Type species: Chthonius javanus Tullgren, 1912b, by original designation.

Distribution: AUSTRALASIA: widespread.

Dithella javana (Tullgren)

Chthonius javanus Tullgren, 1912b: 269-270, fig. 1.

Compsaditha javana Chamberlin, 1929e: 152 (junior secondary homonym of Compsaditha javana (Tullgren)) (synonymised by Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 42).

Compsaditha javana (Tullgren): Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 13j, 17a-b, 28a-b; Beier, 1932a: 30; Roewer, 1937: 235.

Dithella javana (Tullgren): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 42-43, figs 11a-e; Beier, 1948b: 452; Harvey, 1991a: 223.

 

Type locality: of Chthonius javanus: Banyuwangi (as Banjuwangi), Jawa Timur, Java, Indonesia.

of Compsaditha javana: Banyuwangi (as Banjoewangi), Jawa Timur, Java, Indonesia.

Distribution: Indonesia (Java).

Dithella philippinica Beier

Dithella philippinica Beier, 1967c: 315-317, fig. 1; Harvey, 1991a: 223.

 

Type locality: Mantalingajan, Pinigisan, Palawan, Philippines.

Distribution: Philippines.

Genus Haploditha Caporiacco

Haploditha Caporiacco, 1951d: 37; Harvey, 1991a: 223.

 

Type species: Haploditha chamberlinorum Caporiacco, 1951d, by original designation.

Distribution: SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela.

Haploditha chamberlinorum Caporiacco

Haploditha chamberlinorum Caporiacco, 1951d: 37-38, figs 17a-b; Harvey, 1991a: 223; Muchmore, 1993a: 85.

 

Type locality: Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela.

Distribution: Venezuela.

Genus Heterolophus Tömösváry

Heterolophus Tömösváry, 1884: 24; Chamberlin, 1925b: 337-338; Chamberlin, 1929a: 60; Beier, 1932a: 28; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 32-33; Petrunkevitch, 1955: 81; Harvey, 1991a: 223; Harvey, 1996a: 257.

 

Type species: Heterolophus guttiger Tömösváry, 1884, by subsequent designation of Chamberlin, 1925b: 338.

Distribution: AFRICA: South Africa.

AUSTRALASIA: Australia.

SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina; Brazil.

Heterolophus australicus Beier

Heterolophus australicus Beier, 1969a: 171-172, fig. 1; Harvey, 1981b: 241; Harvey, 1985b: 153; Harvey, 1991a: 223; Harvey, 1994b: 155.

 

Type locality: Mt Tamborine (as Jamborine), Joalah (as Toalah) National Park, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution: Australia (Queensland).

Heterolophus clathratus (Tullgren)

Chthonius clathratus Tullgren, 1907b: 233-234, figs 11a-b; Ellingsen, 1912b: 88, 120.

Heterolophus clathratus (Tullgren): Beier, 1932a: 29, fig. 36; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 35; Beier, 1958a: 159; Beier, 1966k: 455; Harvey, 1991a: 224.

Not Chthonius clathratus Tullgren: Redikorzev, 1924a: 199 (misidentification; see Tridenchthonius africanus Beier).

 

Type locality: Pietermaritzburg (as Maritzburg), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; and Lake Sibayi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Distribution: South Africa.

Heterolophus guttiger Tömösváry

Heterolophus guttiger Tömösváry, 1884: 24-25, figs 3-4; Beier, 1932a: 28, fig. 34; Roewer, 1937: 234; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 34, fig. 8; Beier, 1962h: 131; Harvey, 1991a: 224.

Chthonius guttiger (Tömösváry): Daday, 1888: 135, 191.

 

Type locality: São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Distribution: Argentina; Brazil (São Paulo).

Heterolophus nitens Tömösváry

Heterolophus nitens Tömösváry, 1884: 25-26, fig. 5; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 34-35; Harvey, 1991a: 224.

Heterolophus (?) nitens Tömösváry: Beier, 1932a: 29.

Chthonius nitens (Tömösváry): Daday, 1888: 135, 191.

 

Type locality: São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (São Paulo).

Genus Neoditha Feio

Neoditha Feio, 1945: 11; Harvey, 1991a: 224.

 

Type species: Neoditha irusanga Feio, 1945, by original designation.

Distribution: SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil.

Neoditha irusanga Feio

Neoditha irusanga Feio, 1945: 11-14, figs 1-5; Harvey, 1991a: 224; Kury and Nogueira, 1999: 9.

 

Type locality: Represa dos Ciganos, Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

Genus Tridenchthonius Balzan

Tridenchthonius Balzan, 1887a: no pagination; Balzan, 1890: 450; Balzan, 1892: 505, 509; Chamberlin, 1925b: 334; Beier, 1932a: 34; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 44-46; Hoff, 1963c: 28; Harvey, 1991a: 225.

Afroditha Beier, 1930i: 47-48 (synonymised with Ditha by Beier, 1932a: 25; synonymised with Tridenchthonius by Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 44).

 

Type species: of Tridenchthonius: Tridenchthonius parvulus Balzan, 1887a, by monotypy.

of Afroditha: Chthonius serrulatus Silvestri, 1918, by original designation (based upon misidentified type species).

Distribution: AFRICA: widespread.

SOUTH AMERICA: widespread.

Tridenchthonius addititius Hoff

Tridenchthonius addititius Hoff, 1950c: 535-536; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086; Harvey, 1991a: 225.

 

Type locality: Mount Coffee, São Tomé (as St Thomas Island), São Tomé and Príncipe.

Distribution: Ghana; São Tomé and Príncipe.

Tridenchthonius africanus (Beier)

Chthonius clathratus Tullgren: Redikorzev, 1924a: 199 (misidentification).

Ditha africana Beier, 1931b: 50; Beier, 1932a: 27, fig. 32; Roewer, 1937: 234; Helversen, 1966b: fig. 8a.

Tridenchthonius africanus (Beier): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 50; Harvey, 1991a: 225.

 

Type locality: Mabira, Kagera, Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania.

Tridenchthonius beieri Mahnert

Tridenchthonius beieri Mahnert, 1983a: 149-153, figs 18-29; Harvey, 1991a: 225.

 

Type locality: Wema, NE. of Garsen, Tana River, Coast, Kenya.

Distribution: Kenya.

Tridenchthonius brasiliensis Mahnert

Tridenchthonius brasiliensis Mahnert, 1979d: 725-726, figs 1-5; Adis, 1981: 119, etc.; Mahnert, 1985c: 218; Adis and Mahnert, 1986: 312; Mahnert and Adis, 1986: 214; Adis, Junk and Penny, 1987: 488; Mahnert, Adis, and Bührnheim, 1986: figs 3, 7c; Harvey, 1991a: 225; Mahnert and Adis, 2002: 380, figs 3, 7c; Adis, Bonaldo, Brescovit, Bertani, Cokendolpher, Condé, Kury, Lourenço, Mahnert, Pinto-da-Rocha, Platnick, Reddell, Rheims, Rocha, Rowland, Weygoldt, and Woas, 2002: 5; Aguiar, Gualberto and Franklin, 2006: 796, etc.

 

Type locality: Río Tarumã-Mirím, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas).

Tridenchthonius buchwaldi (Tullgren)

Chthonius (Pseudochthonius) buchwaldi Tullgren, 1907a: 69-70, figs 23a-b.

Ditha buchwaldi (Tullgren): Beier, 1932a: 26, figs 20, 28; Beier, 1932g: fig. 176; Roewer, 1936: fig. 46; Roewer, 1937: 234; Weidner, 1959: 115 (as Ditha buchwaldti [sic]).

Tridenchthonius buchwaldi (Tullgren): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 49; Harvey, 1991a: 226.

 

Type locality: Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.

Distribution: Ecuador.

Tridenchthonius cubanus (Chamberlin)

Chthonius pennsylvanicus Hagen: Berger, 1905: 407 (misidentification).

Chthonius longipalpis Banks: Banks, 1909c: 174 (misidentification).

Ditha cubana Chamberlin, 1929a: 61-62, figs 1h, 2e, 2j, 2l, 3b; Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 13e, 43c-d, 46i, 52b, 54; Beier, 1932a: 26; Beier, 1932g: fig. 251; Roewer, 1937: 234.

Tridenchthonius cubanus (Chamberlin): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 52, figs 1, 2j; Hoff, 1963c: 29; Harvey, 1991a: 226.

 

Type locality: Cayamas, Cuba.

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica.

Tridenchthonius donaldi Turk

Tridenchthonius donaldi Turk, 1946: 64-67, figs 1-5; Harvey, 1991a: 226.

 

Type locality: San Rafael, Saint George, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago.

Distribution: Trinidad and Tobago.

Tridenchthonius gratus Hoff

Tridenchthonius gratus Hoff, 1963c: 29-33, figs 9-10; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086; Harvey, 1991a: 226.

 

Type locality: Johnson Mountain, 5 miles ENE. of Bath, Parish of St Thomas, Jamaica.

Distribution: Jamaica.

Tridenchthonius juxtlahuaca Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin

Tridenchthonius juxtlahuaca Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 53-57, figs 13a-k, 14a-f, 15o; Reddell, 1971a: 27; Reddell, 1981: 119; Palacios-Vargas, Vasquez and Morales-Malacara, 1985: 139; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086; Harvey, 1991a: 226; Ceballos, 2004: 427; Reddell, 2005: 560.

 

Type locality: Grutas de Juxtlahuaca, near Colotlipa, Guerrero, Mexico.

Distribution: Mexico.

Tridenchthonius mexicanus Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin

Tridenchthonius mexicanus Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 57-61, figs 15a-n; Hoff, 1946e: 4; Hoff, 1950c: 534; Reyes-Castillo and Hendrichs, 1975: 131; Beier, 1976c: 1; Muchmore, 1977: 63; Mahnert, 1985b: 75; Mahnert, 1985c: 218; Adis and Mahnert, 1986: 312; Mahnert and Adis, 1986: 214; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086; Harvey, 1991a: 226; Muchmore, 1991b: 155; Aguiar and Bührnheim, 1992c: 190-194, figs 2-5; Aguiar and Bührnheim, 1992d: 94; Muchmore, 1993a: 85; Aguiar and Bührnheim, 1994: 74; Aguiar and Bührnheim, 1998a: 383; Aguiar and Bührnheim, 1998b: 453; Poinar, Ćurčić and Cokendolpher, 1998: 86, 87; Mahnert and Adis, 2002: 380; Ceballos, 2004: 427; Villegas-Guzman, 2006: 133.

 

Type locality: El Potrero, Veracruz-Llave, Mexico.

Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima); Costa Rica; Mexico; Trinidad and Tobago.

Tridenchthonius parvidentatus (Balzan)

Chthonius parvidentatus Balzan, 1887b: no pagination, figs; Balzan, 1890: 447-448, figs 25, 25a.

Chthonius (Chthonius) parvidentatus Balzan: Balzan, 1892: 547, fig. 36.

Ditha parvidentata (Balzan): Beier, 1932a: 25-26, fig. 30; Roewer, 1937: 234; Feio, 1945: 3; Helversen, 1966b: fig. 8c.

Tridenchthonius parvidentatus (Balzan): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 49; Harvey, 1991a: 226-227; Muchmore, 1993a: 85.

Not Chthonius parvidentatus Balzan: Ellingsen, 1910a: 401 (misidentification; see Compsaditha fiebrigi (Beier)).

 

Type locality: Rio Apa, Paraguay.

Distribution: Argentina; Paraguay; Venezuela.

Tridenchthonius parvulus Balzan

Tridenchthonius parvulus Balzan, 1887a: no pagination, figs; Balzan, 1890: 450-451, figs 28, 28a; Balzan, 1892: 550; Chamberlin, 1931a: 82, fig. 17d; Beier, 1932a: 34; Roewer, 1936: fig. 112d; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 47-48; Harvey, 1991a: 227.

 

Type locality: Rio Apa, Paraguay.

Distribution: Paraguay.

Tridenchthonius peruanus Beier

Tridenchthonius peruanus Beier, 1955m: 1-2, fig. 1; Weidner, 1959: 117; Harvey, 1991a: 227; Mahnert and Adis, 2002: 380.

 

Type locality: Sivia, Ayacucho, Peru.

Distribution: Peru.

Tridenchthonius serrulatus (Silvestri)

Chthonius serrulatus Silvestri, 1918: 294-296, plate 5, plate 6 figs 1-13 (as Chtonius [sic] serrulata [sic]) (in part; see Compsaditha aburi Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin)' Viggiani, 1973: 352 (as Chtonius [sic] serrulatus).

Tridenchthonius serrulatus (Silvestri): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 50-51, figs 12a-b; Beier, 1948b: 451, 456; Hoff, 1950c: 534; Vachon, 1952a: 20-21, figs 3-7; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086; Harvey, 1991a: 227.

Ditha serrulata (Silvestri): Roewer, 1937: 234; Vachon, 1940e: 68.

Not Afroditha serrulata (Silvestri): Beier, 1930i: 48, figs 6a-b (misidentification; see Compsaditha aburi Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin).

Not Ditha serrulata (Silvestri): Beier, 1932a: 27 (misidentification; see Compsaditha aburi Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin).

 

Type locality: Olokemeji, Oyo, Nigeria.

Distribution: Côte d’Ivoire; Guinea; Nigeria.

Tridenchthonius surinamus (Beier)

Ditha surinama Beier, 1931b: 49-50; Beier, 1932a: 26, fig. 31; Roewer, 1937: 234; Helversen, 1966b: fig. 8b.

Tridenchthonius surinamus (Beier): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 49; Harvey, 1991a: 227.

 

Type locality: Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname.

Distribution: Suriname.

Tridenchthonius trinidadensis Hoff

Tridenchthonius trinidadensis Hoff, 1946e: 1-4, figs 1-3; Harvey, 1991a: 227; Muchmore, 1993a: 85.

 

Type locality: Navy Base, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago.

Distribution: Trinidad and Tobago.

Genus Typhloditha Beier

Typhloditha Beier, 1955a: 3-4; Harvey, 1991a: 227.

 

Type species: Typhloditha anophthalma Beier, 1955a, by original designation.

Distribution: AFRICA: southern Africa.

Typhloditha anophthalma Beier

Typhloditha anophthalma Beier, 1955a: 4-5, fig. 1; Harvey, 1991a: 227.

 

Type locality: Kenia River, Parc National de l'Upemba, Shaba, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Typhloditha minima Beier

Typhloditha minima Beier, 1959d: 11-13, fig. 3; Mahnert, 1978f: 74-75; Harvey, 1991a: 228.

 

Type locality: Bunia, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Distribution: Congo; Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire).

Typhloditha termitophila Beier

Typhloditha termitophila Beier, 1964k: 30-31; Harvey, 1991a: 228.

 

Type locality: Wakfontein, E. of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.

Distribution: South Africa.

Subfamily VERRUCADITHINAE Chamberlin

Verrucadithini Chamberlin, 1929a: 59; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 17 (as Verrucadithiini [sic]).

Verrucadithinae Chamberlin: Dashdamirov and Judson, 2004: 45-46.

Genus Anaulacodithella Beier

Verrucadithella (Anaulacodithella) Beier, 1944: 175.

Xenoditha Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 17-18 (synonymised by Beier, 1947b: 287).

Anaulacodithella Beier: Beier, 1947b: 287; Beier, 1976f: 200; Harvey, 1991a: 217; Harvey, 1996a: 257.

 

Type species: of Verrucadithella (Anaulacodithella): Chthonius mordax Tullgren, 1907b, by original designation.

of Xenoditha: Chthonius mordax Tullgren, 1907b, by original designation.

Distribution: AFRICA: southern Africa.

AUSTRALASIA: Australia; Lord Howe Island; New Caledonia.

Anaulacodithella angustimana Beier

Anaulacodithella angustimana Beier, 1955l: 273-274, fig. 1; Harvey, 1991a: 217.

 

Type locality: Cape Point Nature Reserve, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.

Distribution: South Africa.

Anaulacodithella australica Beier

Anaulacodithella australica Beier, 1969a: 172-174, fig. 2; Beier, 1975b: 203; Harvey, 1981b: 241; Harvey 1985b: 152; Harvey, 1991a: 217; Harvey, 1994b: 155.

 

Type locality: Lamington National Park, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland).

Anaulacodithella deserticola (Beier)

Verrucadithella (Anaulacodithella) deserticola Beier, 1944: 176.

Anaulacodithella deserticola (Beier): Beier, 1947b: 286-287, fig. 1; Beier, 1955l: 273; Beier, 1964k: 31; Harvey, 1991a: 217.

 

Type locality: Viljoenspas (as Viljoens-Pass), Western Cape, South Africa.

Distribution: South Africa.

Anaulacodithella mordax (Tullgren)

Chthonius mordax Tullgren, 1907b: 234-235, figs 10a-d; Ellingsen, 1912b: 89, 122-123; Godfrey, 1927: 18.

Verrucadithella mordax (Tullgren): Beier, 1932a: 33, fig. 39; Roewer, 1937: 235.

Verrucadithella (Anaulacodithella) mordax (Tullgren): Beier, 1944: 175.

Anaulacodithella mordax (Tullgren): Beier, 1958a: 159; Beier, 1964k: 31; Beier, 1966k: 455; Harvey, 1991a: 217-218.

Xenoditha mordax (Tullgren): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 18-19, fig. 3.

 

Type locality: Caversham, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Stamford Hill, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; and Lake Sibayi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Distribution: South Africa.

Anaulacodithella novacaledonica Beier

Anaulacodithella novacaledonica Beier, 1966g: 363-365, fig. 1; Harvey, 1991a: 218.

 

Type locality: Forêt de Mont Pouédihi, near Rivière Blanche, New Caledonia.

Distribution: New Caledonia.

Anaulacodithella plurisetosa Beier

Anaulacodithella plurisetosa Beier, 1976f: 200-201, fig. 1; Harvey, 1985b: 152; Harvey, 1991a: 218.

 

Type locality: near Boat Harbour, Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution: Australia (Lord Howe Island).

Anaulacodithella reticulata Beier

Anaulacodithella reticulata Beier, 1966g: 365-366, fig. 2; Harvey, 1991a: 218.

 

Type locality: Petit Gouli (as Point [sic] Gouli), Col d'Amieu, New Caledonia.

Distribution: New Caledonia.

Genus Cryptoditha Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin

Cryptoditha Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 29-30; Harvey, 1991a: 220; Dashdamirov and Judson, 2004: 48-49.

 

Type species: Tridenchthonius elegans Beier, 1931b, by original designation.

Distribution: SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil.

Cryptoditha elegans (Beier)

Tridenchthonius elegans Beier, 1931b: 52; Beier, 1932a: 34-35, figs 40-41; Roewer, 1937: 235; Helversen, 1966b: fig. 8e.

Cryptoditha elegans (Beier): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 30, fig. 6; Beier, 1974d: 899; Harvey, 1991a: 220; Dashdamirov and Judson, 2004: 49, figs 18-24.

Cryptoditha cf. elegans (Beier): Mahnert, 2001: 96, figs 1-4.

 

Type locality: Passo Quatro, Minais Gerais, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Minais Gerais, Santa Catarina).

Cryptoditha francisi (Feio)

Verrucadithella francisi Feio, 1945: 14-16, figs 6a-c, 7; Harvey, 1991a: 229; Kury and Nogueira, 1999: 9.

Cryptoditha francisi (Feio): Dashdamirov and Judson, 2004: 49.

 

Type locality: Represa da Covanca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

Genus Pycnodithella Beier

Pycnodithella Beier, 1947b: 287; C.M.A. Kennedy, 1989: 289; Harvey, 1991a: 224; Harvey, 1996a: 257.

 

Type species: Verrucadithella abyssinica Beier, 1944, by original designation.

Distribution: AFRICA: east Africa.

AUSTRALASIA: eastern Australia.

Pycnodithella abyssinica (Beier)

Verrucadithella abyssinica Beier, 1944: 174-175, fig. 2; Judson, 1997a: 7.

Pycnodithella abyssinica (Beier): Beier, 1947b: 287; Harvey, 1991a: 224; Beron, 2002: 33.

 

Type locality: Mt Chillalo, Arusi, Ethiopia.

Distribution: Ethiopia.

Pycnodithella harveyi Kennedy

Pycnodithella harveyi C.M.A. Kennedy, 1989: 291-295, figs a-w; Harvey, 1991a: 224; Harvey, 1992c: figs 18-23.

 

Type locality: Macquarie University, North Ryde, 13.5 km NW. of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution: Australia (New South Wales).

Genus Rheodithella Dashdamirov and Judson

Rheodithella Dashdamirov and Judson, 2004: 46-47.

 

Type species: Rheodithella kalashana Dashdamirov and Judson, 2004, by original designation.

Distribution: ASIA: Pakistan.

Rheodithella kalashana Dashdamirov and Judson

Rheodithella kalashana Dashdamirov and Judson, 2004: 47-48, figs 1-17.

 

Type locality: Bumburet, Chitral, North-West Frontier, Pakistan.

Distribution: Pakistan.

Rheodithella swetlanae Dashdamirov

Rheodithella swetlanae Dashdamirov, 2005: 232, figs 32-40.

 

Type locality: Malam Jabba, Swat, North-West Frontier, Pakistan.

Distribution: Pakistan.

Genus Sororoditha Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin

Sororoditha Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 27-28; Harvey, 1991a: 225.

 

Type species: Chthonius hirsutus Balzan, 1887a, by original designation.

Distribution: SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil.

Sororoditha hirsuta (Balzan)

Chthonius hirsutus Balzan, 1887a: no pagination, figs; Balzan, 1890: 448-449, figs 26, 26a; Balzan, 1892: 550.

Verrucaditha (?) hirsuta (Balzan): Beier, 1932a: 32; Roewer, 1937: 235.

Sororoditha hirsuta (Balzan): Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 28; Harvey, 1991a: 225; Mahnert and Adis, 2002: 380.

 

Type locality: Mato Grosso (as Mato-groso), Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso).

Genus Verrucaditha Chamberlin

Alura Chamberlin, 1925b: 334 (junior homonym of Alura Möschler, 1884).

Verrucaditha Chamberlin, 1929a: 59; Beier, 1932a: 31; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 22-24; Harvey, 1991a: 228 (replacement name for Alura Chamberlin)

 

Type species: Chthonius spinosus Banks, 1893, by original designation.

Distribution: NORTH AMERICA: eastern U.S.A.

Verrucaditha spinosa (Banks)

Chthonius spinosus Banks, 1893: 67; Banks, 1895a: 13; Banks, 1904a: 141; Coolidge, 1908: 114.

Alura spinosa (Banks): Chamberlin, 1925b: 334.

Verrucaditha spinosa (Banks): Chamberlin, 1929a: 59, figs 1c, 2h; Chamberlin, 1931a: fig. 16a; Beier, 1932a: 31-32; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 24-25, figs 2b-d, 2h-i, 5a-h; Hoff, 1945a: 103-105, figs 1-3; Hoff, 1949b: 429-431, figs 12a-e; Hoff, 1950c: 534; Hoff and Bolsterli, 1956: 160; Hoff, 1958: 3; Lawson, 1968: 4351; Weygoldt, 1968: 111-153, figs 25-30, 31b; Weygoldt, 1969a: 64, 109, fig. 52; Muchmore, 1973g: 122; Brach, 1979: 34; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086; Muchmore, 1990a: 509, fig. 18.10; Weygoldt, 1990: fig. 7Ba-b; Harvey, 1991a: 228.

Verrucaditha megaloptera Chamberlin, 1929a: 59-60; Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 11e, 11m, 22d-f, 23g, 25b-c, 25h, 47y; Beier, 1932a: 32; Nester, 1932: 98; Roewer, 1937: 235 (synonymised by Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 24).

 

Type locality: of Chthonius spinosus: Citrus County, Florida, U.S.A.

of Verrucaditha megaloptera: Bloomington, Monroe County, Indiana, U.S.A.

Distribution: U.S.A. (Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio).

Genus Verrucadithella Beier

Verrucadithella Beier, 1931b: 51-52; Beier, 1932a: 32; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 19-21; Harvey, 1991a: 228.

 

Type species: Chthonius dilatimanus Redikorzev, 1924a, by original designation.

Distribution: AFRICA: east Africa.

Verrucadithella dilatimana (Redikorzev)

Chthonius dilatimanus Redikorzev, 1924a: 193-195, figs 7-9; Chamberlin, 1931a: 128, fig. 35c.

Verrucadithella dilatimana (Redikorzev): Beier, 1931b: 52; Beier, 1932a: 33, fig. 38; Roewer, 1937: 235; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 21, figs 4a-e; Vachon, 1949: fig. 203c; Beier, 1955c: 528; Beier, 1959d: 13; Beier, 1962f: 11; Mahnert, 1983a: 142-145, figs 1-11; D.W. Zeh, 1987b: 1086 (as Verrucadithella dilatimanus [sic]); Harvey, 1991a: 228; Beron, 2002: 33.

Verrucadithella (Verrucadithella) dilatimana (Redikorzev): Beier, 1944: 175.

 

Type locality: Molo, Rift Valley, Kenya.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire); Kenya; Rwanda.

Verrucadithella jeanneli Beier

Verrucadithella jeanneli Beier, 1935c: 117-118, fig. 1; Vachon, 1937f: 128 (as Verrucadithella cannelli [sic]); Roewer, 1940: 343; Chamberlin and R.V. Chamberlin, 1945: 22; Beier, 1955c: 528-529; Mahnert, 1983a: 142-145, figs 12-16; Harvey, 1991a: 229; Beron, 2002: 33.

Verrucadithella (Verrucadithella) jeanneli Beier: Beier, 1944: 175.

 

Type locality: Koptawelil Valley, Mt Elgon, Uganda.

Distribution: Kenya; Uganda.

Verrucadithella sulcatimana Beier

Verrucadithella sulcatimana Beier, 1944: 173-174, fig. 1; Weidner, 1959: 117; Harvey, 1991a: 229.

 

Type locality: Amani, Tanzania.

Distribution: Tanzania.

CATALOGUE

 

Family Tridenchthoniidae Balzan 1892